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Paal 6: T-splitsing
Paal 6: T-splitsing
Dit punt is onderdeel van de route 'It Paad Werom Terherne'. Bekijk hier de hele route.
(beluister hier het audioverhaal)
Ja, want ook deze T-splitsing bestaat uit water! En het huis aan je rechterhand, met het ijzeren hek eromheen is in deze tijd een stokoud woonhuis met winkel dat is omringd is met vaarten. Al die vaarten hebben ook allemaal weer vertakkingen. En ook hier, gaat al het verkeer via het water. Wat een unieke plek om te wonen midden op dit knooppunt! Terherne als klein Venetië. Het oude woonhuis met winkel op deze hoek brandt af in 1920. Daarna wordt dit woonhuis gebouwd.
Kom, we steken over, naar de kerk aan de overkant, de Vermaning, en in het Fries De Fermanje.
We gaan terug naar 1870, de tijd waarin weldoener Dornseiffen predikt. In Terherne is geen grote kerkenstrijd. De beide dominees van de beide kerken werken samen. Links zie je een gedenknaald staan, die postuum in 1922 door de gezamenlijke Friese Schippers is opgericht voor dominee Dornseiffen. Dit krijgt hij als waardering voor het oprichten van het Schoolfonds voor Schipperskinderen, waar ik je eerder over vertelde.
Oke, we gaan verder. Steek maar weer over en loop maar weer langs de supermarkt, richting de brug. We komen hier nog door een stukje ‘Buorren’. Het is hier sterk veranderd. Je weet inmiddels dat Terherne als klein Venetië is in deze tijd. Tussen deze oude huisjes, links en rechts van ons, zie je kleine en smalle steegjes. De steegjes zijn en waren ouder dan de huisjes die gebouwd zijn. Alle steegjes liepen naar het water. Als er in deze tijd drones zouden zijn, zou je prachtige beelden zien van kleine postzegeltjes grond, omringd met water. Met aan het water kleine huisjes. Wacht, we stoppen even net vóór de Pizzeria. Het pand met de gele stenen en het groene haagje. Kijk eens om je heen. Deze Buorren, het centrum van het dorp is pas na 1876 ontstaan. Het begon met een heel smal weggetje, waar nog geen auto langs kon. Er moesten er verscheidene huisjes weggebroken worden om een straatje aan te kunnen leggen.
Als we vóór de pizzeria rechts in de ‘gloppe’ lopen, zien we aan het einde het huisje waar ‘Ferhoalen Herntsje’, oftewel Verborgen Hoekje staat. Er staat hier een groepje met kleine oude huisjes. Hier woonden allemaal schippers. We lopen terug naar de weg en vervolgen onze weg naar de brug. Bij de bankjes naast de brug, staat het volgende paaltje.
Dit punt is onderdeel van de route 'It Paad Werom Terherne'. Klik hier om terug te gaan naar de route.
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Restaurant De Bosberg
Restaurant De Bosberg
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Workumerwaard
Workumerwaard
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NG shipyards, schepenlift
NG shipyards, schepenlift
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Jachtwerf van der Werff
Jachtwerf van der Werff
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Execution of ten Dutch collaborators near Oldeberkoop
Execution of ten Dutch collaborators near Oldeberkoop
On the afternoon of 12 April, Oldeberkoop was liberated by "D" Squadron of the Royal Canadian Dragoons. Later that day, they established a temporary headquarters in the village. The movements of "D" squadron were coordinated from the headquarters. This was also the place where prisoner of war from the immediate surroundings were gathered.
These prisoners of war were often Germans, but sometimes also Dutch who served voluntarily in the Waffen-SS, the NSKK (a paramilitary section of the Nazi party NSDAP) or the Dutch Landwacht. On this 12th of April, ten of these collaborators were brought into the encampment in Oldeberkoop amid great interest. Hatred of people who fought with or for the Germans was strong among most of the Dutch population. A resident of Oldeberkoop described the moment the men were brought in:
"The crowd booed and whistled, some spat, and some could not keep their hands off them. One of them got such a blow to the head that hit made his head spin."Not much later, these POWs were taken away again. Presumably with the aim of taking them to a real prison camp in Vledder. But the men would never get there. All ten of them were shot without trial in the Koepelbos just outside Oldeberkoop.
It was long thought that the Canadians were responsible for these unlawful executions. But by 1995, it became clear that Canadian involvement had been minimal. Stories about the involvement of two former resistance fighters were confirmed when one of them confessed to having fired the shots. In addition to himself, a colleague, a Canadian driver and some men who had dug the graves were present at the execution.
The exact reason for the murder of the Dutch collaborators and the exact role of the two Dutchmen and the Canadian have never been fully clarified. There are different accounts of the events leading up to the shooting. On 14 April, the bodies were finally buried in a mass grave on the side of the road. Later they were transferred to the German war cemetery in Ysselsteyn. The names of most of the victims also became known at that time:
Egbert Jan Hommes, Ordnungspolizei
Otto Frikken, Ordnungspolizei
Gerrit Jan Seevinck, Dutch Landwacht
Hendrik Dales, Dutch Landwacht
Heike Ham, Dutch Landwacht
Douwe Jonkman, Dutch Landwacht
Bernard Janssen, Dutch Landwacht
Arnold Pieter Post, Dutch Landwacht
The identities of two men from the Dutch Landwacht could not yet be ascertained.
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Yachtcharter Wetterwille - Nidelv 965 Sira
Yachtcharter Wetterwille - Nidelv 965 Sira
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Theetuin Kleine-Lijn
Theetuin Kleine-Lijn
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Café Hulst
Café Hulst
In deze nog nauwelijks herkenbare boerderij uit 1881 werd het vroegere “café Wed. R. Zwart” gerund. In 1921 aanmerkelijk verbouwd tot café-restaurant door de toenmalige nazaat en uitbater, Jan Zwart. Het etablissement heette toen Café Zwart. Deze uitspanning is vooral ook bekend door de stakingsbijeenkomsten eind 19e eeuw.
Janke van Vondel, oud 64 jaar, arbeidster uit Appelscha, is de enige vrouw die in de parlementaire enquête over de veenderijen – zowel in Fryslân, Groningen als Drenthe – aan het woord komt. Zelf werkt ze niet meer in het veen, dat kan ze niet meer. Maar tot haar zestigste heeft ze dat altijd gedaan. Ze geeft de commissie onomwonden haar mening. “Waar is de plaats der vrouw? Thuis! Dan kregen de kinderen betere opvoeding en beter onderwijs. Nu eens verbrandt er een kind, dan weder verdrinkt er een. Dat kan voorkomen worden.” Een dergelijk citaat geeft reeds aan hoe erbarmelijk de omstandigheden waren waaronder destijds mannen, vrouwen en kinderen in de Ooststellingwerver venen hun werk moesten verrichten. Het ging om lange werkdagen, zwaar werk en slechte verdiensten, waarbij de lonen niet vooraf waren vastgelegd. De arbeiders wisten niet precies wat ze het komend veenseizoen zouden verdienen en legden zich er bijvoorbeeld knarsetandend bij neer dat turven per stok werden gerekend, zonder te weten wat deze maat officieel inhield.
Ook de vakbondsredevoeringen van Pieter Jelles Troelstra in Café Zwart zijn legendarisch. En ook diens bemoeienis met de broodstaker Bruinsma is een bekend gebeuren. Troelstra zou in 1893 met de Appelschaster veenarbeiders te maken krijgen, toen hij Bruin Tjibbes Bruinsma voor de rechtbank verdedigde. Deze was voor zijn optreden bij de stakingen van 1888 uit zijn huis gezet, zou de eerstvolgende jaren in zijn eigen dorp geen werk meer vinden en moest eerst in de Drentse venen en daarna in Duitsland zijn brood verdienen. Voor zijn interventie bij de armmeesters – hij zou de armvoogd hebben gedwongen brood te geven en een veldwachter met de dood hebben bedreigd – kreeg hij 15 maanden cel, de briljante verdediging van Troelstra ten spijt. Het gevolg was wel, dat progressieve liberalen zich gingen bemoeien met de armoede in Friesland en de vervolging van socialisten en arbeiders- en stakingsleiders. Ook hier: resultaat op langere termijn.
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Veerpont Hin en Wer (Eernewoude)
Veerpont Hin en Wer (Eernewoude)
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Intens Genieten
Intens Genieten
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Memorial stone for Fallen Canadians
Memorial stone for Fallen Canadians
Sunday 15 April 1945, Friesland's official liberation day, was also the day Sneek welcomed the Canadian liberation forces. It had been an exciting day, and the Dutch Domestic Armed Forces (NBS) had fought quite a battle with the occupiers.
A day earlier, German troops had begun to withdraw from Sneek and the NBS had tried to hinder their retreat along the Leeuwarderweg as much as possible. Until a column of German parachute troops had entered the fray and forced the NBS to retreat.
The Waag building in the middle of the city centre was used as a weapons cache by the occupying forces during the war. To prevent it from falling into Allied hands, the fleeing troops set it on fire at around three o'clock on Sunday. Loud explosions and bangs resounded throughout the city for half an hour.
Once the enemy had left the city, the NBS operatives gathered at the HBS school for instructions and the distribution of weapons and armbands. They went into the city to round up traitors. Then, rumour had it that hundreds of German soldiers were on their way to Sneek from Lemmer. Immediately, fortifications were built at the Water gate.
Canadian units were alerted. They were now in possession of the latest defence plans for Sneek thanks to NBS intelligence and were advancing from Joure towards the town.
In the evening around half past seven, the first patrol of the Canadian infantry battalion Le régiment De La Chaudière rode into town with flame-throwers and machine guns. The German troops stayed away, and the full Canadian battalion followed.
Sneek was liberated, but freedom was not yet guaranteed as German troops tried to escape via the Afsluitdijk towards Friesland. The Canadian Regiment of the Queens Own Rifles moved through Sneek to the Afsluitdijk and fiercely fought at Wons. Six Canadian soldiers were killed. They were temporarily buried at Sneek General Cemetery. In 1946, they were reburied at the Canadian Field of Honour in Holten.
Canadian guests
While waiting to return to their homeland, hundreds of Canadian soldiers were lodged with families in Sneek for about five months. On 1 June, the Perth Regiment arrived in the town, which they temporarily renamed Stratford. They were involved in the liberation of Groningen. A committee was set up to entertain the soldiers with various activities. From dances to sailing competitions and special church services.Cordial ties developed between the liberators and the people of Sneek. And sometimes more than that. For Gordon C. Compton and Atty Bouma, one could even speak of "love at first sight". When the last soldiers return home at the end of November, Gordon decided to stay in the Netherlands. On 9 May 1946, he married Atty in Sneek. Not long after, Gordon and his "war bride" left for Canada.
Several monuments in the city recall the special bond with the Canadian military, which remains very close to this day.
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Jachtwerf Wolvega
Jachtwerf Wolvega
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Zijda Yachting
Zijda Yachting
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Burrito Brothers
Burrito Brothers
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Eysinga State - Camperplaats
Eysinga State - Camperplaats
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Zijda Yachting - Victus
Zijda Yachting - Victus
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Restaurant de Wildeman
Restaurant de Wildeman
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IJsboerderij Margje 24
IJsboerderij Margje 24
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Sail-a-way Sneekermeer
Sail-a-way Sneekermeer
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Skûlenboarch
Skûlenboarch
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Beelden Hein Mader bij Centrum voor Prentkunst
Beelden Hein Mader bij Centrum voor Prentkunst
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The liberation of Friesland 1
The liberation of Friesland 1
In early April, it became clear that the liberation of Friesland was imminent. Although the province had not suffered a real Hunger Winter like other parts of the Netherlands, there were severe shortages of just about everything. And the terror of the occupying forces was growing. This also led to increased resistance against the occupying forces. The battle between the two was tougher than ever in early 1945.
In Friesland, assault groups known as Knokploegen (KP) were responsible for most acts of resistance. But there were other groups too. On the orders of the Dutch government in London, all these groups were merged into the Dutch Domestic Armed Forces (NBS). In Friesland, this happened on 12 December 1944.
The NBS, popularly referred to as the BS, gave the armed resistance an organisation with a clear structure. The NBS was also supposed to play a role in the upcoming liberation. To this end, resistance groups were provided with weapons from autumn 1944. These were dropped from the air.
On 8 April, Radio Orange broadcast the message "The bottle is empty." This was the signal for the NBS to start carrying out sabotage operations 36 hours later. The aim was to make it as difficult as possible for the Germans to defend themselves against the approaching Allied forces.
The resistance did this by putting bridges and railways out of order, blocking waterways and blocking roads. The response of the occupying forces was ruthless. In retaliation, dozens more prisoners were shot at different times and places.Once the Canadians entered Friesland on 12 April, they were supported extremely effectively by the Frisian resistance. Because it was superbly organised, they were able to help the Canadians take control of important bridges, repair damaged bridges, and advise on the most favourable route.
By 18 April, the whole province was liberated except for the Wadden Islands (these were liberated in late May and in June). Compared to other provinces, there was little fighting in Friesland. Overall, the few thousand German troops who had been unable to flee Friesland were defeated by the Canadians relatively quickly.
The commander of the Royal Canadian Dragoons, Lieutenant Colonel Landell, praised the actions of the resistance by stating "Friesland liberated herself." While that may be a bit of an exaggeration, the actions of the Frisian resistance undoubtedly accelerated the liberation. And reduced the number of casualties on the Allied side.
In confrontations with German troops and their Dutch accomplices, at least 31 resistance fighters lost their lives. On the Allied side, at least eleven Canadians and one Frenchman were killed. The fighting and shelling also resulted in dozens of civilian casualties. The number of casualties on the German side is not known, but probably ran into the hundreds. With 320 houses destroyed and 4,000 damaged and 80 bridges destroyed, Friesland was materially the least damaged province in the Netherlands.
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Waterherberg It Beaken
Waterherberg It Beaken
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