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Scharl Bell Tower
Scharl Bell Tower
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Mini camping Van Harinxma
Mini camping Van Harinxma
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Plas-dras en kruidenrijk grasland
Plas-dras en kruidenrijk grasland
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Greenjoy Sneekermeer
Greenjoy Sneekermeer
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Gallery Aukje de Haan
Gallery Aukje de Haan
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The liberation of Friesland 1
The liberation of Friesland 1
In early April, it became clear that the liberation of Friesland was imminent. Although the province had not suffered a real Hunger Winter like other parts of the Netherlands, there were severe shortages of just about everything. And the terror of the occupying forces was growing. This also led to increased resistance against the occupying forces. The battle between the two was tougher than ever in early 1945.
In Friesland, assault groups known as Knokploegen (KP) were responsible for most acts of resistance. But there were other groups too. On the orders of the Dutch government in London, all these groups were merged into the Dutch Domestic Armed Forces (NBS). In Friesland, this happened on 12 December 1944.
The NBS, popularly referred to as the BS, gave the armed resistance an organisation with a clear structure. The NBS was also supposed to play a role in the upcoming liberation. To this end, resistance groups were provided with weapons from autumn 1944. These were dropped from the air.
On 8 April, Radio Orange broadcast the message "The bottle is empty." This was the signal for the NBS to start carrying out sabotage operations 36 hours later. The aim was to make it as difficult as possible for the Germans to defend themselves against the approaching Allied forces.
The resistance did this by putting bridges and railways out of order, blocking waterways and blocking roads. The response of the occupying forces was ruthless. In retaliation, dozens more prisoners were shot at different times and places.Once the Canadians entered Friesland on 12 April, they were supported extremely effectively by the Frisian resistance. Because it was superbly organised, they were able to help the Canadians take control of important bridges, repair damaged bridges, and advise on the most favourable route.
By 18 April, the whole province was liberated except for the Wadden Islands (these were liberated in late May and in June). Compared to other provinces, there was little fighting in Friesland. Overall, the few thousand German troops who had been unable to flee Friesland were defeated by the Canadians relatively quickly.
The commander of the Royal Canadian Dragoons, Lieutenant Colonel Landell, praised the actions of the resistance by stating "Friesland liberated herself." While that may be a bit of an exaggeration, the actions of the Frisian resistance undoubtedly accelerated the liberation. And reduced the number of casualties on the Allied side.
In confrontations with German troops and their Dutch accomplices, at least 31 resistance fighters lost their lives. On the Allied side, at least eleven Canadians and one Frenchman were killed. The fighting and shelling also resulted in dozens of civilian casualties. The number of casualties on the German side is not known, but probably ran into the hundreds. With 320 houses destroyed and 4,000 damaged and 80 bridges destroyed, Friesland was materially the least damaged province in the Netherlands.
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Epemastate
Epemastate
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De Kop van de Afsluitdijk
De Kop van de Afsluitdijk
De Afsluitdijk was op 18 april nog één van de laatste open routes naar Noord-Holland. De bezetter was er veel aan gelegen om de Canadezen zo lang mogelijk tegen te houden. Toch wisten de Canadezen de Duitse troepen hier in korte tijd en zonder eigen verliezen te verslaan.
In de ochtend van 18 april werd er nog op enkele plekken in Friesland strijd geleverd. De Kop van de Afsluitdijk was nog onder Duitse controle. En ook Makkum was nog niet vrij. Daar zou in de middag de strijd losbarsten. Op de Kop van de Afsluitdijk hadden de Duitse troepen zich stevig ingegraven. Er waren tal van versperringen aangebracht. En de Duitsers hadden veel zogenoemde betonnen ‘Tobruk’ bunkertjes laten aanleggen die meestal door twee militairen met een mitrailleur werden bemand. Ondersteund door ook nog eens een stuk 75 mm. geschut en vele stukken licht luchtafweergeschut wachtten zij de Canadese aanval af. De Canadezen wisten precies wat hun te wachten stond. Het Friese verzet had kaarten gemaakt van de Duitse posities. En met luchtverkenningen was door de geallieerden ook veel informatie verzameld. De Canadezen voelden er weinig voor om grote risico’s te nemen tegen zo’n goed verdedigde positie. Er was bovendien een zeer geringe kans dat er burgers geraakt konden worden. Alvorens de Canadezen de aanval inzetten werd de Kop van de Afsluitdijk daarom beschoten met artillerie. En de geallieerde jagers voerden luchtaanvallen uit. Nederlandse ingenieurs hielden hun hart vast tijdens de beschieting. Zij vreesden voor grote schade aan de Lorentzsluizen.
Op 18 april om 10:00 uur opende het geschut van de Royal Canadian Artillery het vuur. Een half uur later zetten de Queens Own Rifles of Canada de aanval in. Zij ondervonden nog nauwelijks weerstand. De artilleriebeschieting had zijn werk gedaan. De Duitsers waren verslagen. Nadat ook Makkum in de middag alsnog bevrijd werd, waren nu alle vluchtroutes geblokkeerd. Hiermee werd één van de hoofddoelen van de Canadezen bereikt. Met uitzondering van de Waddeneilanden was de hele provincie Friesland op 18 april bevrijd. De vrees van de Nederlandse ingenieurs was niet onterecht geweest. Het bombardement had schade aan de Afsluitdijk veroorzaakt. Maar de meeste schade was daarvoor al toegebracht door Duitse Sprengkommandos. Vanaf medio mei marcheerden nog enkele malen groepen Duitse militairen over de Afsluitdijk. Ditmaal kwamen ze uit Noord-Holland en werden ze afgevoerd naar krijgsgevangenkampen in Duitsland.
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Reidingpark
Reidingpark
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Ooster- en Westerdiepswal
Ooster- en Westerdiepswal
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Gestrand
Gestrand
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Children's Farm Doniastate
Children's Farm Doniastate
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Oranjewoud (Oranjewâld)
Oranjewoud (Oranjewâld)
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Recreatie in de Tuin
Recreatie in de Tuin
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Rondvaartbedrijf van der Werf
Rondvaartbedrijf van der Werf
Direct boekbaar
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Kelder 65
Kelder 65
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Waddenmossel
Waddenmossel
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De Dining
De Dining
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Douwe Egberts Café Leeuwarden
Douwe Egberts Café Leeuwarden
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Badpaviljoen Ijsselmeer near Hindeloopen
Badpaviljoen Ijsselmeer near Hindeloopen
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Groepsaccommodatie de Harmsdobbe
Groepsaccommodatie de Harmsdobbe
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Voorstraat 40
Voorstraat 40
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B&B Barhus
B&B Barhus
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Welgelegen - Budget kamer
Welgelegen - Budget kamer
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